Einheiten Canada USA Frankr. Ital. GB BRD Japan Mexico
Fläche in 1000km² 9976 9372 549 301 244 357 377 1973
Bevölkerung in 1000km² 28753 257908 57667 57070 57830 81190 124670 91210
Wachstum 1992/93 % 1,1 1,1 0,5 0,0 -0,3 0,8 0,0 1,9
Dichte Einw./km² 2,9 27,5 105,0 189,5 236,2 227,5 330,0 46,2
Kindersterblichkeit ‰ 6,8 8,5 6,5 7,3 6,6 5,8 4,5 18,0
Lebenserwartung Männer 74,9 72,3 73,3 74,5 73,6 72,9 76,3 68,6
Frauen 81,2 79,1 81,5 80,9 79,0 79,4 82,5 74,6
PIB Mdr US$ 546,3 6259,9 1251,7 991,4 941,1 1910,8 4214,1 361,9
US$/Pers./a 19001 24302 21706 17371 16279 23537 33802 3968
Zuwachs PIB 83-93 % 2,6 2,8 1,9 2,2 2,2 2,8 3,7 2,0
Wirtschftssektoren Landwirtschaft % 2,4 2,0 2,3 2,9 1,6 1,2 2,2 6,8
Anteil am PIB Industrie % 28,1 27,0 27,8 31,5 28,7 36,6 41,1 28,7
Service % 69,4 71,1 69,8 65,6 69,8 62,3 56,7 64,6
Aktive in 1000 13946 129525 25213 22787 28179 38682 66150 32383
Beschäftigte in 1000 12309 119306 21781 20152 25044 34802 64500 31342
Arbeitslosenrate % 11,2 6,7 11,6 10,8 10,2 8,8 2,5 3,2
Beschäftigung Frauen % 65,3 69,1 59,0 46,5 64,8 61,3 61,7 -
Energieverbrauch Mio t Erdöleinh. 169,1 1401,5 152,2 121,56 151,9 241,37 316,4 101,4
Energieproduktion Mio t Erdöleinh. 315,1 1616,7 118,5 28,68 219,7 149,36 83,9 203,6
Ausgaben Gesundheit % vom PIB 10,2 14,1 9,8 8,5 7,1 8,6 7,3 4,9
Ausgaben Bildung % vom PIB 7,1 5,3 5,5 5,1 5,1 4,1 3,6 -
Importe Mdr US$ 130,4 601,1 209,6 153 221,6 341,1 231 -
Exporte Mdr US$ 135,2 430,2 215,8 178,9 190,1 379,4 339,5 -
Tabelle 15: Internationale Vergleiche
Quelle: L'Observateur de l'OCDE
1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995
POPULATION
Canada, July 1 (000s)
26,894.8 27,379.3 27,790.6 28,120.1 28,542.2 28,947.0 29,251.3 29,606.1
Annual Growth (%)
1.3 1.8 1.5 1.2 1.5 1.4 1.1 1.2
Immigration
152,413 178,152 202,979 219,250 241,810 265,405 227,860 215,652
Emmigration
40,978 40,395 39,760 43,692 45,633 43,993 44,807 45,949
1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995
FAMILY
Birth rate (per 1,000)
14.5 15.0 15.3 14.3 14.0 13.4 - -
Marriage rate (per 1,000)
7.0 7.0 6.8 6.1 5.8 5.5 - -
Divorce rate (per 1,000)
3.1 3.0 2.8 2.7 2.8 2.7 - -
Families experiencing unemployment (000s)
- 808 879 1,096 1,184 1,198 1,130 -
1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995
LABOUR FORCE
Total employment (000s)
12,819 13,086 13,165 12,916 12,842 13,015 13,292 13,506
employment goods sector (000s)
3,873 3,928 3,809 3,582 3,457 3,448 3,545 3,653
employment service sector (000s)
8,946 9,158 9,356 9,334 9,385 9,567 9,746 9,852
Total unemployment (000s)
1,082 1,065 1,164 1,492 1,640 1,649 1,541 1,422
Unemployment rate (%)
7.8 7.5 8.1 10.4 11.3 11.2 10.4 9.5
Part-time employment (%)
15.2 15.0 15.3 16.3 16.7 17.2 17.0 16.6
Women's participation rate (%)
57.7 58.3 58.7 58.5 58.0 57.9 57.6 57.4
1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995
INCOME
Median family income
40,904 43,995 45,618 46,389 47,199 46,717 48,091 -
% of families with low incomes (1992 Base)
12.2 11.1 12.3 13.0 13.5 14.6 13.5 -
Woman's full-time earnings as a % of men's
65.4 66.0 67.7 69.6 71.9 72.2 69.8 -
1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995
CRIME
Crime rates (per 100,000) - violent
865 908 970 1,056 1,077 1,072 1,037 -
Crime rates (per 100,000) - property
5,419 5,271 5,593 6,141 5,868 5,525 5,214 -
Crime rates (per 100,000) - - homicide
2.1 2.4 2.4 2.7 2.6 2.2 2.0 -
1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995
ECONOMIC INDICATORS
GDP (1986 $) - annual % change
+5.0 +2.4 -0.2 -1.8 +0.6 +2.2 +4.5 -
Annual inflation rate (%)
4.0 5.0 4.8 5.6 1.5 1.8 0.2 2.1
Tabelle 16: Jahresindikatoren
Quelle: CST, Internet: https://dsp-psd.tpsgc.gc.ca/
Quelle: The Pacific Cultural Services Ltd. (Internet)
British Columbia's coat of arms bears the motto "Splendor sine Occasu", which means "Splendour without Diminishment". British Columbia's 948,600 square kilometres of splendour include spectacular mountain ranges, majestic fiords, arid plateaus, fertile river valleys, dense rain forests, 6,500 islands and 7,022 kilometres of rugged coastline.
Among British Columbia's most important industries are forestry, mining, fishing and agriculture. People from many cultures have participated in the building of this province. Thousands more choose it as their home each year. For more than a century, this province and its resources have attracted hardy adventurers, shrewd entrepreneurs and pioneers in every field of endeavour. For generations before that, the tribal groups of British Columbia's native people lived close to the earth, carving a self-sufficient, richly complex culture from forest, stone and sea. Today, the people of B.C. are as varied as its terrain. Some of us were born here; others chose to come from homelands around the world.
The first explorers and fur traders to arrive on the west coast of what is now British Columbia came from Spain, England, Russia, America, France and Scotland. Some arrived in sailing ships; some - like explorers Simon Fraser, Alexander Mackenzie and David Thompson - came in great canoes crewed by French-Canadian voyageurs. Some reaped profits from resources and moved on; others stayed. As chains of fur forts established by men of the North West and Hudson's Bay companies opened up the west, frontier marriages joined Indian women with Scottish and English traders and French voyageurs. Then, in l827, trader James McMillan and his British, Scottish, French and Iroquois crew brought Canada's first Oriental immigrants - the Sandwich (Hawaiian) Islanders - to British Columbia's Fraser Valley. The 'Kanakas", as they were called, worked beside expert French-Canadian axemen, clearing land and hewing timbers for Fort Langley. They, too, married into native families.
As colonies grew around the forts on the mainland and Vancouver Island, industrious and enterprising traders and settlers found ways to be self-sufficient and self-supporting. By the 1850's, B.C.'s fishing, mining, agriculture and lumbering industries had already begun. Fish caught by native fishermen were preserved, packed and shipped to overseas markets from Fort Langley; coal was mined on Vancouver Island; lumber was cut at the first sawmill in Victoria; and crops and dairy produce from Hudson's Bay Company farms at Colwood, Craigflower and Langley supplied both local and overseas markets. Soon settlers from the east were attracted to the developing western frontier. By l857, French and French-Canadian missionaries, farmers, miners and merchants formed the largest ethnic group settled in the inland areas of the province.
Then gold was discovered on the Fraser River. Over 20,000 newcomers poured across the border. Almost overnight, British Columbia's multicultural landscape changed dramatically. This heavy influx of high-spirited gold-seekers from the United States led Britain to assert its claim formally to the Pacific mainland north of the 49th Parallel by declaring the territory a Crown Colony. On December l9, l858, James Douglas was sworn in at Fort Langley as Governor of 'British Columbia'. The Gold Rush attracted not only miners and prospectors, but also men who could provide supplies and services. German, Austrian, Swiss, Italian and Scandinavian entrepreneurs were among those who headed north. Cattle ranches were established in the Cariboo and the Okanagan and Similkameen Valleys to serve the needs of the mining communities. The first fruit trees in the Okanagan were planted by an Austrian rancher and an Oblate priest from Bohemia, Brother Pandosy, who founded the first permanent non-native settlement in the valley in l859.
The Chinese came in great numbers. At the peak of the Gold Rush, there were 5,000 Chinese in Barkerville alone. When the Rush was over, they moved to other B.C. centres, like Victoria, where communities were already established. Blacks from the San Francisco area were drawn to the Crown Colony of Vancouver Island, where rural land sold for 20 shillings an acre and town lots for $50.00. After nine months, black settlers could vote, be jurors and be protected by the law - rights denied to them at that time in the state of California. Some opened businesses in Victoria; others settled on farms on nearby Saltspring Island.
Jewish immigrants arrived from the U.S. and western Europe to establish a small but thriving community in Victoria. In l863, they built a synagogue that is still in use today. German merchants and businessmen settled in Victoria, too, and later in Vancouver, where a community had begun to grow around Hastings Mills.
As the Canadian Pacific Railway moved west in the l880's, American contractor Andrew Onderdonk brought l5,700 Chinese to B.C. to work as labourers. The railway also employed Scandinavian, Frenchmen, Irishmen, Ukrainians, Lebanese, Poles and others from eastern Europe. Many of these men were prairie farmers needing cash for provisions. Some of the Irish railway workers - skilled tradesmen known around the world as 'navvies' - stayed to settle in B.C. Other Irishmen established British Columbia's famous O'Keefe and Coldstream ranches. The Vernons of Coldstream gave their name to the town.
In the late nineteenth century, Scandinavians settled in several rural areas of B.C.; the Norwegians and Swedes on Fraser Valley farms near Matsqui and the Danes on the Cape Scott peninsula at Holberg. Others became fishermen off the B.C. coast. The Finns who worked on the C.P.R. moved on to the coal mines of Nanaimo and Wellington and to Sointula, on Malcolm Island in Queen Charlotte Sound, where they founded their own settlement. Hungarians and Japanese came to work the fertile farmlands along the Fraser River. Some Japanese became market gardeners; others became fishermen. Immigrants from India - mainly Sikhs - found work in the logging, lumber, dairy and fruit farming industries. Doukhobors moved en masse from Saskatchewan to farms in the Slocan and Kettle Valleys. In July l909, the Fraser River Lumber Company recruited French-Canadian lumbermen, who established a settlement at Maillardville. Some later moved to Port Alberni.
Croatians came, often via the U.S., to work in construction, fishing and mining industries. Mennonites arrived from Manitoba and the eastern U.S. in the l920's and from Alberta and Saskatchewan in the '30's and early '40's. They settled on farms around Yarrow, on Sumas Prairie, and at Aldergrove, Clearbrook and Abbotsford. Hungarians and Ukrainians also migrated from the prairies to B.C. farms and cities after the Depression.
Since World War II, people from Holland, Greece, Portugal, Latvia, Estonia, Italy, India, Latin America, and other countries have come in great numbers, contributing their skills to a variety of commercial and professional enterprises. Recently, in response to political upheavals in their homelands, Hungarians, Czechs, Ugandans, Vietnamese and Poles have sought freedom in Canada. Now they are settled beside other British Columbians in communities large and small, all across our province.
Today, all of us reap the rewards of our multicultural history. B.C.'s First People, our native Indians, established our earliest traditions of conservation and wise use of resources; the first non-native founders of this province brought us British law, administration, education and social structure; and the many thousands of us who came as immigrants from every part of the world put our own cultural, religious, political, educational, social and commerical marks on our communities. We brought our strength as individuals and our skills as tradespeople, professionals, homemakers and parents.
(thousands)
Age Group Males Females Total
0-4 123.0 117.2 240.2
5-14 246.8 237.4 484.1
15-24 249.2 243.0 492.3
25-34 308.8 305.4 614.3
35-44 305.3 306.0 611.3
45-54 228.2 221.2 449.4
55-64 158.9 154.2 313.2
65+ 201.3 262.4 463.6
------ ------ ------
Total Population 1,821.6 1,846.7 3,668.4
Tabelle 17: Altersklassen 1994
Quelle: BC STATS 1996
Thousands
Metropolitan Vancouver 1,775
Vancouver 509
Surrey 281
Burnaby 173
Richmond 139
Coquitlam 97
Delta 96
North Vancouver D.M. 82
Langley D.M. 78
Metropolitan Victoria 312
Saanich 104
Victoria 76
Other Centres
Kelowna 90
Matsqui 80
Kamloops 75
Prince George 75
Nanaimo 69
Chilliwack 59
Tabelle 18: Städtische Zentren 1994
Quelle: BC STATS 1996
BC Stats (Internet)
British Columbia Municipal and Regional District Estimates 1976-1981, 1976-2021, 1991-1991, 1992-1993 (www. bcstats.gov.bc.ca/data/pop/....e.htm)
Fischer (ed.)
Fischer Weltalmanach 1996, Frankfurt a.M. 1995
Frémy, Dominique & Michèle
Le Quid 1989, Éditions Robert Lafont, Paris 1988
Griffin, Kevin
Vancouver’s many faces, Whitecap Books
Hunter Brian (ed.)
The Statesman’s Yearbook 1994/1995 (131. edition), Mac Millan Press, GB 1994
Kelly Koren
Visible Minorities - A diverse group, Internet (www.statcan.ca/Documents/English/SocTrends/vismin.html), Housing, Family, and social statistics, by Statistics Canada 1995/96
Lenz Karl
Multikulturalismus in Kanada, in: Geographische Rundschau April 1996, Westermann, Braunschweig
McRae Don, Schrier Dan
An econometric model Describing the movement of the population between British Columbia and the rest of Canada, Population Section, BC Stats, Ministery of Gouvernment Services, Government of British Columbia (Intenert, PDF-file)
Meridew, Alan
Canada tightens up on sponsors, in: South China Morning Post, 17. 12. 1995
Ministère des affaires étrangeres (Internet)
Verschiedene Seiten u.a.: www.dfait-maeci.gc.ca/francais/html/canada/11 c-b.html
Pryke K. G., Soderlund W. C.
Profiles of Canada, Copp Clarke Pitman, Toronto 1992
Shioya, Tara
Up and Comming: As affluent immigrants flock from Asia and Vancouver, the economy is growing, in:San Francisco Chronicle, 18. 02. 1996
Sibbald, Peter
Die Innu, Heimkehr ins Land der Väter, In GEO Spezial Feb. 1996
Statitics Canada (ed.)
Canada Yearbook 1992 = 125. Anniversary, Statistics Canada, Ottawa 1991
Canada Yearbook 1994, Satistics Canada, Ottawa 1993
Le Quotidien/Daily (Statistisch-analysierendes Tagesblatt von Statistics Canada), verschiedene Ausgaben 1994, 1995 und 1996 Internet www.statcan.ca/daily/
United Nations, Statistical Office (ed.)
Demographic Yearbook 1995, New York 1994
Way, Emily (Internet-Link)
Applying for permanent residence in Canada: A self-assesment guide for independent applicants
Internet https://www.io.org/~spamily/immigration/Selection_system.html